FAQ

Unsteady power quality can affect the normal operation from desktop to data center. A UPS not only provides immediate power in case of blackout, but also provides stable and clean power under normal conditions. It improves the incoming power by regulation and filtration and also suppresses spikes caused by lightning. A UPS, is like a personal insurance policy and protects your computer, machine, server and other equipment against power risks.

There are three types of UPS: Off-Line On-Line and Line-Interactive.

Equipment is powered by the grid directly through a bypass line. In the event of a power failure, it is powered by AC current generated by an inverter run by a battery in the UPS.

Features

1. When commercial power is normal, the UPS does nothing and the load is handled directly by the grid. This type does not improve grid power with respect to noise and surge suppression.
2. Provides the least protection as a certain conversion time is needed.
3. Simple in structure, compact in size, light in weight, easy to control and not very expensive.

Please refer to the on-line UPS diagram.

The on-line UPS supplies power to the load by output from the inverter and uses the bypass path only in a case where the UPS itself fails, is overloaded, or overheats.

Features:

1. Output power to the load is of the best quality as it is processed by the UPS.
2. No conversion time is required.
3. Complex in structure and expensive.
4. Gives the highest protection and has excellent noise filtering and surge suppression capacity.

Please refer to the line-interactive UPS diagram.
The line-interactive UPS supplies power to the load through the bypass path with output from the inverter when grid power is normal. The inverter acts as a charger at this time. In the event of a black out, the inverter converts DC current from the battery to AC for output to the load.

Features:

1. The bi-directional conversion design reduces the time required for charging the UPS battery.
2. Requires a certain conversion time.
3. The complex control mechanism makes it more expensive.
4. Has protection capacity between that of the on-line and off-line UPSs. It is less effective in noise filtering and surge suppression.

Most commercially available UPS now express their capacity as VA. V stands for voltage and A for current in amps. In short, VA equals the power and capacity of a UPS. For example, a UPS of 500VA capacity with an output of 220V will provide a maximum current of 2.27A and more than this will lead to overload. The unit of power can be expressed in Watts. While the Watt indicates active power, VA indicates reactive power and Watt equals VA multiplied by the power factor (VA × pf = Watt). There is no common criterion for power factor (pf). Generally a value of between 0.6 and 0.8 in Line-Interactive and 0.8 to 1.0 for On-Line UPS is acceptable while a value of 0.5 may represent poor design. Pay attention to this value when purchasing a UPS. A high power factor implies better utilization and more economical use of power.

Regular charging and discharging is very important for battery maintenance. You can regularly execute this function if your UPS has the battery detection feature. Otherwise, you can simply unplug the input to your UPS to simulate a grid power black-out and check the time the battery takes to discharge. Please replace your batteries with new ones when the discharge time becomes less than that given in the specification. This will ensure that there is enough discharge time for the system to save files and be shut down in case of grid power failure. In a battery bank, part replacement is not recommended at the end of its service life.

Statistics indicate that black-outs are a minor power issue. Other, not so obvious power issues, like over-voltage, under-voltage and surges are the major ones. In addition to providing extended power for long stretches, a UPS is designed to provide customers with critical total power protection against voltage drift, surges, high frequency interference, and any other kind of power failure and drift.

The single most important function of a UPS is to provide adequate backup power for the equipment load. The time a UPS should provide power should be long enough for users to finish running reaction procedures in case of power failure. In general, 5 to 10 minutes should be enough. If longer than this is required, you can purchase a UPS that includes an external battery cabinet(s) that will increase the UPS backup time.

A package unit is the all-in-one heating and cooling system for homes that don’t have a lot of room indoors for either a furnace and coil, or an air handler. Package units will contain all of their parts in one outdoor unit that sits on either the roof or to the side of a building.

A package unit is the all-in-one heating and cooling system for homes that don’t have a lot of room indoors for either a furnace and coil, or an air handler. Package units will contain all of their parts in one outdoor unit that sits on either the roof or to the side of a building.

Air conditioning can help create a clean, healthy environment for individuals that suffer from allergies or have problems with dust.

It helps create an environment with where the air quality is high. Which is especially important in situations involving young children who are still developing, the elderly or those with limited mobility, people dealing with respiratory conditions or a sinus condition.

Long term exposure to air conditioning even reduces stress over time. It puts an end the vicious cycle of changing conditions and fluctuating temperatures with a consistency in climate that allows for full recovery.

• Only run your air conditioning system when in the room or space it cools. Commercial systems should be turned off at the end of the working day and on weekends.
• Don’t set the thermostat at a lower temperature than normal. It’s not going to cool the room any faster and will result in overcooling.
• Keep all doors and windows closed. Allowing non-conditioned air from the outside in will keep your unit running longer

• Don’t put lamps or appliances near your thermostat. It will register their heat and run your air conditioner for longer than needed.
• Vacuum regularly to prevent dust buildups.
• Don’t use the oven on hot days.
• Make sure your furniture is arranged in such a way that doesn’t block your unit’s air output.
• Most light bulbs put out more heat than they do light. Keeping unnecessary lighting turned off will help to keep temperatures in any room down

• It could mean a couple of things.
• If filters aren’t cleaned regularly, ice begins to form on the air conditioner’s evaporator. When that ice eventually melts, the water will drip, creating the leak.
• But the most common cause for a leak is a clogged condensate drain line. The drain line fills with condensation from the overflow pan and either carries it outside or directly into a drainpipe.
• When the drain line is clogged from dust, sludge, mould or dirt, that water backs up, resulting in a leak.

• Regardless of what kind of air conditioning system it is, the equipment should be inspected, cleaned and serviced at least once a year.
• Two system checks a year is recommended. A Fall check for the heating system and an air conditioning check in the Spring

• The difference between a clean filter and a blocked one can mean a 5% – 15% reduction in your air conditioner’s energy consumption. And that makes it one of the most important parts of your regular maintenance program.
• For residential units we recommend cleaning filters at least every 3 months. For commercial units that operate daily, air filters should be cleaned every 30 days.

Batteries with Electrolyte in liquid form and plates immersed inside electrolyte are called Flooded Battery. Commonly used flooded batteries are Vehicular Batteries, Inverter Batteries, and Motive Power Batteries, Stand by batteries for Solar, Railway and power plants.

SLA batteries have the same general chemistry as SLI batteries, but utilize a gel electrolyte rather than a liquid or liquid electrolyte absorbed inside special type battery separator. This design change means an SLA can be utilized in applications without concern of “acid” leaks or spilling of electrolyte. SLA batteries are maintenance free and are completely sealed. SLA batteries can be designed for high rate discharge, as well as deep cycle applications.

SLA and VRLA are different acronyms for the same battery, Sealed Lead Acid or Valve Regulated Lead Acid. … AGM, Absorbed Glass Mat refers to a specific type of SLA/VRLA where the electrolyte is absorbed into separators between the plates consisting of sponge like fine glass fiber mats.

SMF refers to Sealed Maintenance Free battery. This is commonly used terms. However, the correct term is SLA (Sealed Lead Acid) battery. SLA batteries don’t need topping up of DM water, but need some maintenance like controlled ambient temperature and charging regime.

Battery energy used to produce motion or in other words batteries used for battery operated vehicles are called Motive Power Batteries or Traction Batteries, like batteries for Forklift Trucks, Pallet Trucks, Stackers, Golf Carts etc. Many different battery technologies, with different specific properties, are covered by the term motive power.

Tubular battery is a type of lead acid battery in which the positive electrode is not a grid, but a comb like lead skeleton that holds the positive material with the help of tubular bags. The structure looks like a series of tubes kept side by side along the length of the electrode, hence the name “tubular”.

Tubular batteries are commonly used for Inverter, UPS, Motive Power and some standby applications like Railway Signalling, Telecom, and Switch Gear etc.

Self-discharge is the loss of useful capacity within a battery due to internal chemical reactions. Self- discharge will occur within all battery chemistries and will be influenced by temperature. Self-discharge will occur regardless of whether the battery is connected to a device or not.

Pro Rata is used in relation to a warranty. Products that have a pro rata or pro-rated warranty are replaced at a cost that depends upon the age of the product at the time of failure. The cost of a new product is said to be pro-rated by the time in service of the original product. A product replaced under pro-rated warranty coverage will come with an entirely new warranty.

Across all battery types, there are several things that you can do to ensure the maximum production from your battery:

i) Always store batteries in a cool and dry place, fully charged, before storing for longer periods of time.
ii) Never leave your battery on discharge condition. Immediately put it on charge
iii) Ensure proper charging regime to avoid over charging
iv) Keep your batteries clean. Clean dirty batteries with a cotton swab and hot water. A clean battery will ensure a good connection between your battery and its device.
v) Keep your batteries dry. Moisture can corrode contact points and limit charge/discharge performance.
vi) Do not leave your battery dormant.

Battery capacity in Ah = Current drawn per hour X No. of hour Backup/Battery de-rating factor X Ageing factor

VRLA batteries are designed at 27 degC and very temperature sensitive. There is 50% drop in life on every 10degC increase in ambient temperature. That is why AC room environment is recommended for VRLA battery.